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Endoscopy images: gastric ulcer
These videos show ulcers that have formed on the inner surface of the stomach.
The second video shows a large, deep ulcer in the lower part of the stomach. Ulcers like this can lead to serious problems such as bleeding and, rarely, perforation of the stomach wall.
Most gastric ulcers heal with suitable treatment. However, some patients may need a check-up gastroscopy and a biopsy.
What is a gastric ulcer?
A gastric ulcer is a sore that forms when the layer protecting the inner surface of the stomach is damaged. This sore can sometimes cause pain, bleeding and, rarely, serious problems.
A gastric ulcer does not in itself mean cancer. However, because some stomach cancers can look like an ulcer, a biopsy is taken during gastroscopy when needed.
Why does it happen?
The commonest causes of a gastric ulcer are:
- Helicobacter pylori: a bacterium that can live in the stomach and causes inflammation.
- Painkillers: particularly the use of aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and similar drugs.
- Smoking: can delay the healing of the ulcer.
A stressful life, spicy food and coffee are generally not a direct cause of ulcers. In some people, however, they can make the complaints worse.
What are the symptoms?
- Pain or burning in the upper part of the abdomen
- Nausea and stomach discomfort
- Pain that gets worse after meals
- Bloating and feeling full early
- Sometimes no symptoms at all
Important: even some patients with a severe ulcer may have no marked pain.
How is it diagnosed?
The most important method of diagnosis is gastroscopy.
During gastroscopy the inner surface of the stomach is examined directly. If an ulcer is seen, biopsies can be taken from the necessary places. The Helicobacter pylori bacterium is also looked for.
Is there a treatment?
Yes. Most gastric ulcers heal with suitable treatment.
Treatment uses drugs that reduce stomach acid. If Helicobacter pylori is found, antibiotic treatment is given to clear the bacterium.
The use of painkillers that may cause ulcers is reviewed by the doctor.
With gastric ulcers, a check-up gastroscopy is recommended for some patients to confirm that the sore has healed and to make sure that an important disease has not been missed.
When should you see a doctor?
If you have persistent or recurring stomach pain, nausea, loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss, you are advised to see a gastroenterologist.
If you vomit blood, pass black, tarry stools, faint, or have very severe abdominal pain that starts suddenly, go to the emergency department.
Remember: a gastric ulcer can mostly be treated. However, finding the cause of the sore and treating it properly is important for preventing it from coming back and for avoiding serious problems.
Sources
- Prof. Ali Tüzün İnce, MD — personal endoscopy archive