Erosive Gastritis of the Stomach

What is erosive gastritis?

Erosive gastritis (small sores on the surface of the stomach) is the formation of small, shallow sores (erosions) when the layer protecting the inner surface of the stomach is damaged.

It is not cancer. In some patients, however, it can cause stomach pain, burning and bleeding.

Erosions are shallower than gastric ulcers. In ulcers, the sore reaches the deeper layers of the stomach wall.

Why does it happen?

The commonest causes of erosive gastritis are:

• Painkillers: particularly aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and similar drugs.
• Alcohol: can damage the protective layer of the stomach.
• Severe illness: serious illnesses needing intensive care, and severe physical stress.
• Other causes: bile reflux and some irritant factors.

The Helicobacter pylori bacterium can also cause inflammation of the stomach. However, not every case of erosive gastritis comes from this bacterium.

What are the symptoms?

Some patients may have no symptoms at all. Others may have:

• Pain or burning in the upper part of the stomach
• Nausea and stomach discomfort
• Bloating after meals
• Loss of appetite
• Sometimes bleeding from the stomach

Important: erosions can sometimes bleed without causing pain.

How is it diagnosed?

The diagnosis is usually made by gastroscopy.

During gastroscopy, redness, small shallow sores and sometimes areas of bleeding can be seen on the inner surface of the stomach.

When needed, Helicobacter pylori is looked for or a biopsy is taken.

How is it treated?

Erosive gastritis usually heals with suitable treatment.

Treatment generally uses drugs that reduce stomach acid. It is also important to find the factors damaging the stomach and, where possible, remove them.

The use of painkillers is reviewed by the doctor. Do not stop aspirin or blood-thinning drugs recommended by your doctor on your own.

If Helicobacter pylori is found, suitable antibiotic treatment is given.

When should you see a doctor?

If your complaints of stomach pain, burning or nausea carry on, you are advised to see a gastroenterologist.

If you vomit blood, pass black, tarry stools, faint or feel markedly weak, go to the emergency department.

Remember: erosive gastritis can usually be treated. However, finding the cause of the damage to the stomach surface is important for preventing it from coming back.