These are tears in the lining that develop at the outer opening of the anus after hard straining, in states of severe constipation. They cause pain on opening the bowels, bleeding, and discharge from the back passage.
If the tear spreads further in, into the muscular layer, surgical treatment may be needed. Sitting in warm baths, stool softeners and the use of a local ointment are generally enough.
Sources
- Prof. Ali Tüzün İnce, MD — Kadıköy Endoscopy Center archive